OSPF Routing Table
1. O : 라우터와 같은 Area에 속하는 네트워크 정보 (Link State)
2. O IA : 라우터와 다른 Area에 속하는 네트워크 정보 (Distance Vector)
OSPF 문제점 및 솔루션
=> 높은 CPU 소모량이지만, 최근 하드웨어들은 CPU 성능이 워낙 차고 넘치기에 One Area로 구성한다.
서브넷팅
1. FLSM : 모든 네트워크에 동일한 서브넷마스크
2. VLSM : 네트워크마다 다양한 서브넷마스크
=> IP주소 낭비를 방지하기 위해 VLSM은 필수 (공인IP 환경)
OSPF / ISIS / EIGRP 네이버 조건
| 라우팅 프로토콜 | 네이버 조건 |
| OSPF | Area 번호, 헬로/데드 인터벌 등 |
| IS-IS | 링크 레벨 |
| EIGRP | AS 번호 |
BGP 실습
ISP
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 88.1.1.1
ISP 1
router bgp 111
bgp log-neighbor-changes
no synchronization
neighbor 88.1.2.2 remote-as 222
network 88.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0
인터넷
router bgp 222
bgp log-neighbor-changes
no synchronization
neighbor 88.1.2.1 remote-as 111
neighbor 99.1.2.1 remote-as 333
redistribute ospf 1
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R2
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.1
ISP 2
router bgp 333
bgp log-neighbor-changes
no synchronization
neighbor 99.1.2.2 remote-as 222
network 99.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0
ISP
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 99.1.1.1
LG
router bgp 661
bgp log-neighbor-changes
no synchronization
neighbor 99.1.1.2 remote-as 881
neighbor 99.1.1.3 remote-as 771
network 66.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0
KT
router bgp 881
bgp log-neighbor-changes
no synchronization
neighbor 99.1.1.1 remote-as 661
neighbor 99.1.1.3 remote-as 771
neighbor 88.1.2.2 remote-as 1000
network 88.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0
SK
router bgp 771
bgp log-neighbor-changes
no synchronization
neighbor 99.1.1.1 remote-as 661
neighbor 99.1.1.2 remote-as 881
neighbor 77.1.2.2 remote-as 1000
network 77.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0
인터넷
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 88.1.2.2 255.255.255.0
ip nat outside
duplex auto
speed auto
interface FastEthernet1/0
ip address 77.1.2.2 255.255.255.0
ip nat outside
duplex auto
speed auto
interface FastEthernet7/0
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
ip nat inside
duplex auto
speed auto
interface FastEthernet8/0
ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
ip nat inside
duplex auto
speed auto
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
default-information originate => ospf 라우터들에게 default 정보를 전달
router bgp 1000
bgp log-neighbor-changes
no synchronization
neighbor 88.1.2.1 remote-as 881
neighbor 77.1.2.1 remote-as 771
network 88.1.3.0 mask 255.255.255.0
network 88.1.2.0 mask 255.255.255.0
network 77.1.2.0 mask 255.255.255.0
redistribute ospf 1 =>
ip nat inside source list 7 interface FastEthernet1/0 overload => NAT 이중화
ip nat inside source list 8 interface FastEthernet0/0 overload => NAT 이중화
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 88.1.2.1 => 라우팅 테이블에 없는 곳으로 보내는 패킷은 static으로 로드밸런싱 한다.
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 77.1.2.1 => 라우팅 테이블에 없는 곳으로 보내는 패킷은 static으로 로드밸런싱 한다.
access-list 7 permit any
access-list 8 permit any
R1
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 10.1.2.2 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
WAN
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.1.2.3 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
interface FastEthernet1/0
ip address 10.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
redistribute static subnets => 현재 라우터의 static 네트워크를 ospf를 이용해 뿌리겠다
ip route 10.1.4.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.3.2
R2
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.3.1
OSPF, BGP, HSRP, NAT, Static 종합 실습
R1
router bgp 551
bgp log-neighbor-changes
no synchronization
neighbor 55.1.4.2 remote-as 881
neighbor 55.1.2.2 remote-as 771
redistribute connected
!
ip classless
ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 55.1.3.2
R2
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 55.1.3.2 255.255.255.0
ip nat outside
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
ip nat inside
duplex auto
speed auto
ip nat inside source list 7 interface FastEthernet0/0 overload
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 55.1.3.1
access-list 7 permit any
R3
router bgp 771
bgp log-neighbor-changes
no synchronization
neighbor 55.1.2.1 remote-as 551
neighbor 77.1.2.2 remote-as 1000
neighbor 77.1.4.2 remote-as 1100
redistribute connected
R4
router bgp 881
bgp log-neighbor-changes
no synchronization
neighbor 55.1.4.1 remote-as 551
neighbor 88.1.4.2 remote-as 1100
neighbor 88.1.2.2 remote-as 1000
redistribute connected
R5
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 77.1.4.2 255.255.255.0
ip nat outside
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 88.1.4.2 255.255.255.0
ip nat outside
interface FastEthernet1/0
ip address 77.1.3.1 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet1/1
ip address 77.1.5.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
ip nat inside
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
default-information originate
!
router bgp 1100
bgp log-neighbor-changes
no synchronization
neighbor 77.1.4.1 remote-as 771
neighbor 88.1.4.1 remote-as 881
network 77.1.3.0 mask 255.255.255.0
network 77.1.5.0 mask 255.255.255.0
network 77.1.4.0 mask 255.255.255.0
network 88.1.4.0 mask 255.255.255.0
!
ip nat inside source list 3 interface FastEthernet0/0 overload
ip nat inside source list 4 interface FastEthernet0/1 overload
ip classless
ip route 77.1.6.0 255.255.255.0 77.1.5.2
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 77.1.4.1
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 88.1.4.1
!
ip flow-export version 9
!
!
access-list 3 permit any
access-list 4 permit any
R6
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 88.1.2.2 255.255.255.0
ip nat outside
duplex auto
speed auto
interface FastEthernet6/0
ip address 77.1.2.2 255.255.255.0
ip nat outside
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet7/0
ip address 10.10.3.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
ip nat inside
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet8/0
ip address 10.10.1.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
ip nat inside
duplex auto
speed auto
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
default-information originate
!
router bgp 1000
bgp log-neighbor-changes
no synchronization
neighbor 77.1.2.1 remote-as 771
neighbor 88.1.2.1 remote-as 881
network 88.1.3.0 mask 255.255.255.0
redistribute ospf 1
!
ip nat inside source list 1 interface FastEthernet6/0 overload
ip nat inside source list 2 interface FastEthernet0/0 overload
ip classless
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 77.1.2.1
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 88.1.2.1
!
ip flow-export version 9
!
!
access-list 1 permit any
access-list 2 permit any
R7
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.10.200.10 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 10.10.100.10 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
duplex auto
speed auto
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
redistribute static subnets
!
ip classless
ip route 10.10.6.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.5.1
R8
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.10.5.2
SW1
interface FastEthernet0/1
no switchport
ip address 77.1.5.2 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
no switchport
ip address 77.1.6.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/3
switchport access vlan 10
switchport mode access
switchport nonegotiate
!
interface FastEthernet0/4
switchport access vlan 20
switchport mode access
switchport nonegotiate
!
interface FastEthernet0/5
switchport access vlan 30
switchport mode access
switchport nonegotiate
interface Vlan10
mac-address 0001.43bb.8101
ip address 77.1.7.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Vlan20
mac-address 0001.43bb.8102
ip address 77.1.8.1 255.255.255.0
ip helper-address 77.1.7.3
!
interface Vlan30
mac-address 0001.43bb.8103
ip address 77.1.9.1 255.255.255.0
ip helper-address 77.1.7.3
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
!
ip classless
ip route 77.1.6.0 255.255.255.0 77.1.6.2
ip route 77.1.10.0 255.255.255.0 77.1.6.2
ip route 77.1.11.0 255.255.255.0 77.1.6.2
ip route 77.1.12.0 255.255.255.0 77.1.6.2
SW2
interface Port-channel1
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport mode trunk
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
no switchport
ip address 77.1.6.2 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport mode trunk
channel-group 1 mode on
!
interface FastEthernet0/3
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport mode trunk
channel-group 1 mode on
interface Vlan10
mac-address 0090.2195.2b01
ip address 77.1.10.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Vlan20
mac-address 0090.2195.2b02
ip address 77.1.11.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Vlan30
mac-address 0090.2195.2b03
ip address 77.1.12.1 255.255.255.0
!
ip classless
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 77.1.6.1
SW3
interface FastEthernet0/1
no switchport
ip address 10.10.1.2 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
no switchport
ip address 10.10.2.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/3
no switchport
ip address 10.10.30.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/4
no switchport
ip address 10.10.100.11 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
SW4
interface FastEthernet0/1
no switchport
ip address 10.10.3.2 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
no switchport
ip address 10.10.40.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/3
no switchport
ip address 10.10.4.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/4
no switchport
ip address 10.10.200.11 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
SW5
interface FastEthernet0/1
no switchport
ip address 10.10.2.2 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
no switchport
ip address 10.10.40.2 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/3
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport mode trunk
!
interface FastEthernet0/4
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport mode trunk
!
interface FastEthernet0/5
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport mode trunk
interface Vlan10
mac-address 0060.7065.3c01
ip address 10.10.7.3 255.255.255.0
standby 10 ip 10.10.7.1
standby 10 priority 150
standby 10 preempt
!
interface Vlan20
mac-address 0060.7065.3c02
ip address 10.10.8.3 255.255.255.0
standby 20 ip 10.10.8.1
standby 20 priority 50
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 10.10.7.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 10.10.8.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
SW6
interface FastEthernet0/1
no switchport
ip address 10.10.30.2 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
no switchport
ip address 10.10.4.2 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/3
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport mode trunk
!
interface FastEthernet0/4
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport mode trunk
!
interface FastEthernet0/5
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport mode trunk
interface Vlan10
mac-address 000b.be35.3d01
ip address 10.10.7.4 255.255.255.0
standby 10 ip 10.10.7.1
standby 10 priority 50
!
interface Vlan20
mac-address 000b.be35.3d02
ip address 10.10.8.4 255.255.255.0
standby 20 ip 10.10.8.1
standby 20 priority 150
standby 20 preempt
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